چگونگی نوشتن OPINION ESSAY
در Opinion Essay، ممتحن از شما می‌خواهد تا نظر خود را (معمولاً “موافق یا مخالف“) در مورد یک موضوع بیان کنید. برای انجام این امر، داوطلب بایستی دلایل و جزئیاتی را در جهت پشتیبانی نظر خویش ارائه نماید. برای نوشتن چنین مقاله‌ای دو رویکرد متفاوت وجود دارد: یک‌طرفه (one-sided) و متعادل (balanced).
Opinion Essay با رویکرد یک‌طرفه (One-sided approach)
یک مقاله یک‌طرفه مقاله‌ای است که در آن نظر شما کاملاً متمایل به یک طرف مسئله است، بدین معنا که شما با موضوع ارائه شده در صورت سوال کاملاً موافق و یا کاملاً مخالف هستید. در این حالت سعی کنید همیشه با ذکر 2 دلیل از نظر خودحمایت کنید و هر یک از این دلایل را با ذکر جزئیات آن در دو پاراگراف بدنه اصلی مقاله خود مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار دهید. در opinion essay یک‌طرفه در دو جای مقاله خود باید کاملاً واضح و مستقیم نظر خود را بیان کنید: 1. Restatement in conclusion .2 Thesis statement in introduction
حال بیایید نگاهی به ساختار opinion essay یک‌طرفه بیندازیم:
The introduction
Sentence 1: Paraphrase the background information given in the topic
Sentence 2: State whether you completely agree or completely disagree with the issue.
The body
The first paragraph
Sentence 1: The topic sentence (your 1st idea)
Sentence 2-5/6: Give SPECIFIC examples or explanations to support the idea
The second paragraph
Sentence 1: The topic sentence (your 2nd idea)
Sentence 2-5/6: Give SPECIFIC examples or explanations to support the idea
The conclusion
Restate your opinion that completely agree or completely disagree with the issue given in the topic.
It is generally believed by many people that internet is the root of people’s seclusion from their society. From my perspective, this idea is completely flawed owing to the benefits in terms of communication and knowledge acquisition that internet offers. => This is my opinion about the issue, I wrote “This idea is completely flawed”, which means “I completely disagree with the idea”. This is a very short, clear and direct answer.
Firstly, I would argue that Internet is one of the most powerful facilitators in communication. At the moment, numerous websites such as Facebook or Yahoo offer much faster and more convenient services for users to keep in touch with their friends and relatives regardless of geographic distance. These websites create an online network which connects everyone within their users’ social circle and enables them to send instant messages or to make video calls in a few seconds no matter where they are. People, therefore, can enjoy both the convenience and the swiftness that those services provide. => My first body paragraph only developed the first reason.
Secondly, I believe internet has empowered people to acquire more knowledge about their society than ever before. As a matter of fact, it is able to bring every aspect of life to people, which I think is valuable because people will have a closer look at how their society really is. Latest news about sports, education or criminals for example is updated constantly in many online sources that are open to everyone. This easy accessibility equips people with sufficient information, in other words, they are more aware of the problems lying within their society. => My second body paragraph only developed the second reason.
In conclusion, as the two analyzed reasons above, I strongly disagree with the idea that Internet users are drifting away from their lives because of the online service. => I also restated my opinion here in the conclusion.
(258 words)
- به خاطر داشته باشید که این مقاله دارای رویکرد یک‌طرفه است و داوطلب بایستی فقط نظر خود بسته به اینکه کاملاً موافق یا کاملاً مخالف باشد را بسط دهد. بنابراین، ارائه توضیحات در مورد طرف دیگر استدلال غیرضروری خواهد بود.
- همیشه به یاد داشته باشید که باید نظر خود را در معرفی مقاله و قسمت نتیجه‌گیری بیان کنید. عدم اظهار یکی از این دو باعث کاهش نمره شما خواهد شد.
بیان و رد دیدگاه مخالف (Counter-argument & Refutation)
برای اینکه استدلال خود را قویتر کنید و شانس خود برای کسب نمره بالاتر را افزایش دهید، می‌توانید پاراگرافی بنویسید که در آن نظرات مخالف دیگران را ارائه داده و در ادامه آن نظرات را با دلایل خود رد نمایید. این پاراگراف شامل 2 بخش است: بیان نظر مخالف (Counter-argument) و رد کردن آن (Refutation) و معمولاً آخرین مورد در بدنه اصلی opinion essay شماست.
برای فهم بیشتر این موضوع، به مثال زیر دقت کنید:
Premature life with partners has gained enormous popularity as students reach their adulthood. In my opinion, cohabitation has more of a deleterious impact on their life.
There are several severe problems that this living arrangement would cause. The first and also the biggest concern relates to the possibility of unexpected pregnancy. If the couple who have this premarital experience is poorly equipped with sufficient knowledge about a safe sexual life, the chance of the female partner’s being pregnant might be relatively high. Another drawback is the deterioration in social interactions. As college couples spend almost all their time to take care of their partners because they live in the same place, they hardly have time to hang out with their friends or look for a job. Therefore, their social relationships and skills would suffer.
(Counter-argument) => Advocates of this idea might think that living together during early age of adulthood acts as a test of the couple’s compatibility, hence avoiding the risk of future divorce. They also think that the couple who choose this premarital relationship can support each other with their studies. (Refutation) => However, I think those thoughts are rather ill-founded as the fact might be the opposite. Going through a long intimate relationship like trial marriage, young couples, paradoxically, might be less understanding and sympathetic, which might lead to the early end of their marriage. Furthermore, reality has shown that many university students become more neglectful of their studies while living under the same roof with their partner on account of the fact that most of their time is devoted to each other.
In conclusion, despite the existence of some opinions in favor of this early decision, I do believe students’ lives would be adversely affected.
(285 words)
Opinion Essay با رویکرد متعادل (Balanced approach)
یک مقاله متعادل مقاله‌ای است که در آن شما به یک طرف از مسئله تمایل دارید اما در عین حال طرف مقابل را انکار نمی‌کنید، بدین معنا که شما با موضوع ارائه شده در صورت سوال تا حدی موافق و یا تا حدی مخالف هستید. هرگز بیطرف نباشید، بپذیرید که 2 طرف بحث وجود دارد اما انتخاب کنید با کدام یک بیشتر موافقید. در واقع، شما باید هر دو طرف مسئله را تجزیه و تحلیل کرده و در همین حین موضع خود را در قبال موضوع مدنظر بیان کنید. در پاراگراف اول بدنه اصلی مقاله خود درباره طرف ضعیف‌تر و در پاراگراف بعدی درباره طرف قویتر صحبت کنید؛ بیاد داشته باشید که برای هر طرف دو دلیل با توضیحات و مثال‌های مرتبط بیاورید. در opinion essay با رویکرد متعادل در 3 جا بایستی نظر خود را بیان کنید:
- Thesis statement in introduction
- Topic sentence of second body paragraph
- Restatement in conclusion
The introduction
Sentence 1: Paraphrase the background information given in the topic
Sentence 2: State your balanced opinion (you accept the opposing views, but your points are stronger)
The body
The first paragraph: The weaker argument (2 ideas)
Sentence 1: The topic sentence: introduce the opposing views
Sentence 2-5/6: Give SPECIFIC examples and explanations to support those opposing views
The second paragraph: The stronger argument (2 ideas)
Sentence 1: The topic sentence: introduce your favorable side of the argument
Sentence 2-5/6: Give SPECIFIC examples and explanations to support your ideas
The conclusion
The restatement: restate your balanced opinion
The recent upsurge in the use of the Internet has provoked critical controversy over the possible damage it may inflict upon its users’ personal lives. In my opinion, despite several benefits as a modern communication facilitator, the Internet is truly the root of people’s drifting away from their society. => To state your opinion, write 2 clauses: the first one is always used to concede and to accept that the opposing points are reasonable to some level whereas the second clause is used to state the favorable side of the argument.
On the one hand, the Internet has undoubtedly been offering a tremendous assistance to its users in terms of communication. To start with, the Internet is the most powerful tool in keeping in touch with friends or family members regardless of geographic distance. Compared to the past when almost all means of long distant communication was by writing letters or make phone calls, people now can save time and money with the help of numerous social websites like Facebook or Instagram. Furthermore, people can make new friends with ease through the online network provided by the Internet service, which not only expands their circle of social acquaintances but brings people closer together as well. => It is important that you provide 2 reasons for each side of the argument, whether it is the weaker or the stronger one.
On the other hand, beneficial as it is, the Internet, from my standpoint, still presents more detrimental consequences concerning users’ lives. The Internet, initially, is highly addictive and people sometimes may abuse the online service. In particular, youngsters are often tempted by the very idea of being befriended on the online space such as Facebook or Yahoo, hence their negligence on real relationships. Furthermore, those people find tranquility by freely expressing themselves in their virtual world and no longer feel the need for real life interactions anymore.
In conclusion, although the positive impacts the Internet has made upon society across communication spectrum, I am still convinced that people are being separated from their communities.
(277 words)
آیا همیشه امکان نوشتن Opinion Essay با رویکرد متعادل وجود دارد؟
خیر! بعضی اوقات نادرست است که بگوییم شما تا حدودی با موضوعی موافق یا مخالف هستید. در برخی موارد خاص، هنوز هم می‌توانید در مورد هر دو طرف مسئله بنویسید، اما نظر شما فقط می‌تواند “موافق” یا “مخالف” باشد. برای روشن‌تر شدن این قضیه به مثال زیر توجه کنید:
چند روش وجود دارد که می‌توانید برای نوشتن در مورد این موضوع استفاده کنید:
- فکر می‌کنید آموزش موثرتر است => با موضوع موافقت می‌کنید
- فکر می کنید آموزش کمتر اثربخش است => با موضوع مخالفت می‌کنید
- فکر می کنید آموزش و مجازات زندان به یک اندازه مؤثر هستند => با موضوع مخالفت می‌کنید
در این مورد روش مناسبی برای نوشتن مقاله opinion essay متعادل وجود ندارد. با این وجود، اگر فکر می‌کنید زندان و آموزش به اندازه یکسان مؤثر هستند، می توانید هم به مورد مسئله مجازات زندان و هم آموزش در بدنه اصلی مقاله خود بپردازید.
Despite the popularity of prison sentences as the way to control illegalities, improvements on education have gained social endorsement as a means to eliminate the problem from its root. In my opinion, I disagree that education is the better one as it is rather impossible to compare these two methods’ effectiveness owing to their distinct impacts.
On the one hand, the reasons why prisons are of indispensable necessity for social security are varied. They are the place to keep people who have broken the law contained, ensuring the safety of other citizens. Especially, dangerous criminals such as murderers or rapists have to be imprisoned for their heinous actions. Furthermore, severe prison sentences act as a deterrent against crimes. Knowing there might be a chance of getting caught and condemned to jail, which also means losing freedom and living a miserable life in a cell, ones who are having the intention of committing illegalities would reconsider going down the path.
On the other hand, education serves as a remedy for the origin of crimes. Education contributes greatly to heighten people’s intellect and to form a civilized society. With access to better educational services, citizens would be well-informed about the damage that committing crimes would cause to their community and themselves, which eventually leads to the decline in crime rates. Additionally, the possession of certain qualifications through fundamental education like vocational training could secure a person’s stable life, which would dispel any ideas of committing crimes.
In conclusion, I believe there is no absolute way to deduce whether imprisonment policies or better education would take the dominant role in dealing with crimes as they both tackle the problem just in different ways.
